India, British Colonization, WWII, and the Partition of India

1. Abi-Habib, Maria. “The Forgotten Colonial Forces of World War II.” NYTimes. (September 1, 2020).  
2. Bloch, Hannah. “Giving Voice To Memories From 1947 Partition And The Birth Of India And Pakistan.” NPR. (August 13, 2017).   
3. Bowman, Dr. Ghee, Dr. Aashique Iqbal and the Provisional Semantics team. “Provisional Semantics: Behind the Photographs” Imperial War Museums. 
4. Iqbal, Dr. Aashique. “Anxieties and Absences: What a photographic collection depicting the recruitment of Indian soldiers tells us about the British Indian Army in 1942.” Imperial War Museums. 
5. Keen, Shirin. “Partition of India.” Postcolonial Studies @ Emory. (Spring 1998, last edited October 2017).  
6. Hajari, Nisid. Midnight’s Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India’s Partition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2015. 
7. Khan, Yasmin. India at War. Oxford University Press. 2015.  
8. Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. Yale University Press. 2008. 
9. The 1947 Partition Archive (Film)
10. Train To Pakistan. Directed by Pamela Rooks. Kaleidoscope Entertainment, 1998. (Film with English subtitles)
11. “The Partition of India” from Finding Your Roots: “Martha Stewart, Margaret Cho, and Sanjay Gupta.” PBS Learning Media. (Film)
12. “A&H Research: The Indian Soldier’s Experience of WWII”. YouTube, uploaded by King’s College London Faculty of Arts & Humanities. November 3, 2015. (Film)
13. Constantine Croke, Vicki. Elephant Company. Random House. 2015
14. Hiranandani, Veera. The Night Diary. Penguin Random House. 2018. (Children’s Book)
15. Karnad, Raghu. Farthest Field. WW Norton. 2015.
16. Rushdie, Salman. Midnight’s Children. Penguin.1991.
17. National Archives UK historical drawings of the Possible Partition of India (Map)

Depictions and Representations of Indigenous Peoples

1. Sharp, Sarah Rose. “A Critical Understanding of Edward Curtis’s Photos of Native American Culture.” Hyperallergic. (June 22, 2017).  
2. Venugopal, Arun. “The Truth Behind Indian American Exceptionalism.” The Atlantic. (January/February 2021).  
3. Native American and Indigenous Peoples FAQ, Equity, Diversity & Inclusion Toolkit, UCLA . (April, 2020) 

Monuments 

1. The National Monument Audit, conducted by The Monument Lab in partnership with the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Released Sept 29, 2021. 
2. “Monument Lab Field Trip.” – an all-ages and family-friendly interactive activity guide to explore monuments in your town or city. 
3. Bryant, Janeen and Benjamin Filene, Louis Nelson, Jennifer Scott, Suzanne Seriff. “Are Museums the Right Home for Confederate Monuments?” Smithsonian Magazine. (May 7, 2018).  
4. Little, Daniel. “Monuments and collective memory.” Medium. (November 20, 2013). 
5. Roos, Dave. “How Removing Public Monuments Works.” HowStuffWorks. (June 10, 2020). 
6. Treisman, Rachel. “Nearly 100 Confederate Monuments Removed In 2020, Report Says; More Than 700 Remain.” NPR. (February 23, 2021). 

Glossary

• Hindu – World’s oldest religion, Hinduism was introduced about 4,000 years ago. The fundamental teaching of Hinduism, known as the Vedanta, is that a human’s basic nature is not confined to the body or mind, but the spirit. Followers of Hinduism practice four types of training known as yoga, meaning “union” to refer to the union between the individual self and the inner spirit.
• Islam –  The word “Islam” means “submission to the will of God (Allah).” Followers of Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allah’s law, some of whom are recognized by Jews and Christians, including Abraham, Moses, Noah and Jesus. Muslims contend that Muhammad was the final prophet. Despite Allah’s power, humans are free and responsible for their own good or bad behavior. The Five Pillars of Islam provide the guide for living a life that pleases Allah: Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salat (ritual prayer), Zakah (alms tax), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage).
• Sikhism – Founded in the 16th century in the Punjab region of what is now India and Pakistan by Guru Nanak. The religion is based on his teachings of one omnipresent and formless God, and the teachings of the 9 Sikh gurus that followed him. The internal religious state is most important to Sikhs, and they rely on the scripture written in their holy book, Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhs regard men and women as equals in all spheres of life, and believe all human beings are equal regardless of race or caste.
• Indian National Congress – a political party formed in 1885 that dominated the movement for Indian independence from Britain.
• The Muslim League – A political group founded in 1906 to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims and led the movement for a separate Muslim nation to be created during the Partition of India in 1947.
• Indigenous – An inclusive umbrella term that refers to people whose ancestors resided in a land prior to colonization by settlers. This term can be applied worldwide, as there are people indigenous to every part of the world.
• “American Indian” – Although occasionally still used in specific legal contexts, this term is socially and technically incorrect and can be considered offensive. The term grew from Christopher Columbus’ navigational error – he believed he had landed somewhere in the Indian Ocean rather than the Americas.
• Tribe – Although used in specific legal contexts, this term can have negative connotations linking Indigenous people to savagery. Respectful alternatives include  “community”, “group”, “people” or “nation”.
• “Native American” – This term is often used to describe Indigenous groups of the United States, which can carry incorrect implications. The name “America” came after colonization of the land, therefore referring to people as “Native American” erases the names and history of the land that came hundreds of years before. Additionally, countries other than the United States are part of the Americas, and using the term Native American to refer to only the United States is inaccurate.